Some questions about the hydraulic fracturing technology in shale gas development.

Hi,everyone:

    I'm doing a paper about the hydraulic fracturing technology in shale gas.As i know,the technology which are  applied in shale gas development includes Stage Fracturing, Water Fracturing, Simultaneous Fracturing, Hydrojet Fracturing, Refracturing and so on.But I can't tell the defferences between these teachnology and in  which condition one of these technology can use in the shale gas well.

    I have some unmature viewpoints about these teachnology which may be wrong.

    First,the main feature of the Stage Fracturing(or Multi-Stage Fraturing) is  multistage fracturing and segmentation fracturing.It is named from its operation way but isn't a theory technology.In the Stage Fraturing,we can use water fracturing,hydrojet fracturing and so on.Stage Fracturing is the main fracturing way in the shale gas well currently.It can be used in shale gas well in which there is not only one prodution formation.The Stage Fracturing teachnology contain Sliding sleeve completion and coiled tubing fracturing. Sliding sleeve completion is used in horizontal wells and the coiled tubing fracturing is used in vertical wells.

    Second,Water farcturing is named from its fracturing fluid that is mainly composed by water and sand (above 99%) and some additives(less than 1%).Water fracturing is cheaper than slickwater water fracturing(fracturing fluid is composed by gel).Water fracturing is widely used in shale gas well which clay is low(less than ?%).

    Third,Simultaneous Fracturing is used between two or more than two offset wells.It's mostly use water fracturing fluid.But the distance between the offset wells can't be far.

    Hydrojet Fracturing is named from its perforating.But which reservoir conditon is best applied this technology I don't know.

    Last,Refracturing is used in the shale gas wells which have been fractured before but after a production time the production is dowm.

    It's would be my honour that if you will tell me some about these technology. 


 



 

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Permalink Reply by Tang Ying on April 1, 2010 at 4:12pm
This is a chinese name.Maybe you'll like it.Thank you.
Permalink Reply by Eberhard Brendan Carroll on April 29, 2010 at 11:09am
Ying,
Slickwater fracturing is generally water (fresh or produced) with a friction reducer, generally a Polyacrylamide.

Gelled fluids can be used when more viscosity is needed. Most gells are made from the Guar plant seeds. The pulp of the seed is dissolved in a carrier fluid, usually mineral oil and then hydrated in water. This is now linear gel. The gel can be cross liked by adjusting the pH and utilizing different metal substrates such as Borate. This will have a much higher viscosity.

Oil or diesel can be used as a base fluid as well as propane mentioned below. Sometimes these are necessary as certain formations can be extremely water sensitive. They can be gelled or pumped with a friction reducer as well depending on the need for viscosity.

Nitrogen or Carbon Dioxide can be pumped with these fluids for various reasons. This is generally called, an assist, foam, energized, or atomized depending on the quality (% of N2/CO2) pumped.

I was not able to open any of Jean's attachment, so I hope I'm not being redundant. There are many text books available on the subject of fracturing. Some of the terms you used are industry trade names, there are many different techniques for stimulating the reservoir, they all have their niche applications.

Hope this helps,
Cheers,
Permalink Reply by Tang Ying on May 8, 2010 at 2:07am
Think you,Eberhard.The infotmation you gave me is so helpfull.
Now,I have completed my paper.Thank all of the memers of GoMarcellusshale.

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