"... elevated bromide concentrations can, under certain circumstances, cause the formation of disinfection by-products that do have a health based drinking water standard. So, elevated bromide levels can create an indirect health issue as it may combine with other elements in water to cause carcinogenic compounds ..."
Since calcium bromide (and other bromide salts) are used in drilling muds, the finger should be initially pointed at the gas companies. However, chloro-bromo compounds (which could be carcinogenic) are only formed when drinking water supplies are chlorinated. I can't think of any instances where elemental chlorine is used in treating rural well water. This normally only occurs with city water supplies and municipal swimming pools.
check out this site if you want to know what is in the frac fluid - I have posted this elsewhere but will share here just to prove a point.
As a environmental professional who has investigated numerous oil and gas pollution incidents it is true that the actual fracing process has a very miminal chance to cause groundwater contamination due to the very deep depth of the formatioin being treated. This is a misaleading statement since contamination is still taking place. Most incidents occur during the transfer and storage of frac fluids at the surface during and after fracing. The impoundments are prone to leak especially if built as non centralized ponds where no monitoring or leachate collection is required (bad DEP reg loophole). Other spills do and will occuur during transport. These surface spills are locailzed and manageable in most cases, and the environmantal impact is negligible, because the volume is usually small and limited to the site and local groundwater. The more critical environmental impact that appears to be evident but not in the spot light are sites in production where poor design standards have been employed to handle the natural gas by-products such as distilates and brine water that are produced during production. The oil and has inductry needs to design well sites with leak detection, spill prevention, and corrosion resistent material. I have seen simple bare steel or painted steel plumbing on relatively new well sites that may be intended to be operated for 20 years or more. It is unlikely a bare steel pipe will not corrode in a few years and leak significant voumes of brine. The natural gas transmission lines that is sold are built with corrosion restistence, why not the waste tranfer and storage vessels? There are tens of thousands of exisitng vertical oil and gas wells in Pa that are currently operating with this type of substandard design and undetected leaks are occurring right now. This is why increased trends in bromides and chlorides already exist in watersheds with oil and gas productoins versus watersheds without.
DP, you sound like a reasonable person and your ideas seem like good ones. Like you, I've seen many old gas and oil wells built using carbon steel. No question we should strenghten environmental laws to make them use stainless or some other more durable material.
I'm all for drilling and fracking but here's a good example of were we can do better, help minimize risks, and not kill the industry.
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